1 Subject-Verb
Agreement:
The subject and verb are the most
important elements of a sentence. The relation between the subject and verb
depends on two issues: person and number. The verb of a sentence
must be in agreement with the subject in regard to person and number.
The number of the subject can be singular
and plural. The verb must be singular if the subject is singular and the verb
must be plural if the subject is plural.
So, identifying the number of the subject is required to take a verb.
The person of the subject can be first, second, and third. The verb
changes according to the number and person of the subject.
1.1.1.1
Rule 1:
Singular subjects need singular verbs, while plural subjects
require plural verbs. ‘Be’ verbs change the most according to the number and person of the
subject. Other verbs do not change much on the basis of the subjects
except the verbs of the simple present tense. If the subjects are a third person singular number, the verbs are used
with s/es when they are in simple
present tense. The verbs with s/es in the sentence are
called singular verbs.
‘Be’ verbs according to number and person of the subject.
|
Person/Number |
Singular |
Plural |
|
First |
Am |
are |
|
Second |
are |
are |
|
Third |
Is |
are |
Example:
|
Person/Nmber |
Singular |
Plural |
|
First |
I
am an excellent tennis player. |
We
are excellent tennis players. |
|
Second |
You
are a nice person. |
You
all are nice people. |
|
Third |
Alex
plays well under pressure. |
They
are good at chasing. |
1.1.1.2
Rule
2:
When
the prepositional phrases separate the subjects from the verbs, they have no
effect on the verbs.
Example:
A study (singular subject) on African
countries shows (singular verb) that 80% of the people (plural subject) of this
continent live (plural verb) below the poverty
line.
The perspective of different people varies from
time to time.
The fear of terrorists and militants has made them flee the city.
1.1.1.3
Rule 3:
Nouns connected by the conjunction and in the subject work
as the plural subject and take a plural verb.
Example:
o
Alex and Murphy are coming here.
o
Robin and his friends want to
go on a tour.
o
Apples and mangoes are my
favorite fruits.
1.1.1.4
Rule 4:
If the conjunction ‘and’ is replaced by together with/ along with/ accompanied by/ as well as, the verb will have no
effect for the later part of these expressions. The words prior to these
expressions are the subjects.
Example:
o
Tom, along with his brothers is going to the city. (‘His brothers’ is not the
subject of this sentence.)
o
Alex, as well as his parents, is coming to the party.
o
The boys, accompanied by their
teacher Mr. Robbins are planning a
tour.
Note: If these expressions are
replaced by ‘and’, the subjects will be
regarded as plurals, and so the verbs have to be plural.
Example: Tom and his brothers are going to the city.
1.1.1.5
Rule 5:
Some
nouns are always singular and indefinite. When these nouns become the subjects,
they always take singular verbs.
|
Any
+ singular noun |
No
+ singular noun |
Some
+ sin. noun |
Every
+ sin. noun |
Each
+ sin. noun |
|
Anybody |
Nobody |
Somebody |
Everybody |
Each
student |
|
Either* |
*Note: Either and neither are singular if they are not used with or and nor.
Example:
o
Everybody wants to live happily.
o
Something is bothering him.
o
No human being lives in that house.
o
Neither of you is responsible enough to
handle it.
o
Each student has to submit a separate
assignment.
1.1.1.6
Rule 6:
Some
nouns are always plural. These nouns have two parts.
|
Scissors,
shorts, eyeglasses, pants, thongs, jeans, trousers, etc. |
Example:
o
My pants are in the drawer.
o
Your eyeglasses are dirty.
o
These scissors are useless.
Note: If these words are preceded
by the phrase a pair of, they will be regarded as singular subjects.
Example:
o
A pair of pants is needed.
o
This pair of trousers is ugly.
1.1.1.7
Rule 7:
None is a singular subject when it is used alone. When it is
used with a prepositional phrase starting with of, the subject can be both
plural and singular.
|
None
+ of the + singular noun + singular verb |
|
None
+ of the + plural noun + plural verb |
Example:
o
None of the money has
been used.
o
None of the teacher
wants failure for students.
o
None of the students
want to fail.
o
None of the bottles
are clean enough to keep water.
Note: No + plural noun takes plural verbs.
Example: no men are hungry now.
1.1.1.8
Rule 8:
Either . . . or, neither . . . nor, or, and nor take two nouns before and after them. The nouns placed
after these conjunctions are regarded as the subjects of the sentence. The
nouns placed prior to the words or and nor have no effect on the verbs.
Example:
o
Neither Alex nor his brothers are going to the party.
o
Either John and Alex or I am doing it.
o
I or Robert opens the
door when someone comes.
o
Neither the boys nor we are responsible for it.
1.1.1.9
Rule 9:
The sentences beginning with here/there are different in
structure. In this case, the subject comes after the verb.
|
Here/There
+ verb + subject . . . . . . |
Example:
o
Here comes(verb) the lion(subject).
o
There is a pond near
the house.
o
There are some candies on
the table.
o
Here is the document for
your car.
1.1.1.10
Rule 10:
Collective nouns are usually regarded as singular subjects.
Examples:
o
The committee has decided to postpone the
game.
o
The family was ecstatic by the news.
o
The crowd enjoys the excitement in the
game.
o
Twenty dollars is not a lot of money.
(Here, the noun is plural, but the subject is regarded as a collective noun.)
Note: The following phrases
are also regarded as collective nouns and thus singular subjects.
|
Flock
of birds/sheep, herd of cattle, pack of dogs/wolves, school of fish, pride of
lions |
Example:
o
A flock of sheep always moves together.
o
A pack of wolves is approaching towards the
herd of cattle.
o
A school of fish always hides from the big fishes.
1.1.1.11
Rule 11:
A number of + noun is a plural subject, and it takes a plural verb. The number of + noun is a singular
subject, and it takes a singular verb.
Example:
o
A number of dancers are coming to the party. (Indefinite number of
dancers – plural)
o
The number of dancers coming
to the party is 12. (Definite number of
dancers – singular)
o
A number of people prefer cricket to football.
o
The number of days in
this month is 28.
1.1.1.12
Rule 12:
If a gerund or an infinitive comes as a subject, the verb will always be singular.
Example:
o
Swimming is a good exercise.
o
Walking is a good habit.
o
Eating healthy food makes you healthy.
o
To err is human.
1.1.1.13
Rule 13:
If the + an adjective appears as the subject of a sentence, it will be plural.
Example:
o
The pious are loved by God.
o
The industrious are always not successful.
o
The best do not lack integrity.
So, identifying the number of the subject is required to take a verb.
The person of the subject can be first, second, and third. The verb
changes according to the number and person of the subject.