1 Transformation
of sentences
There are three types of Transformation of
sentences. Those are –
o Simple Sentences
o Complex Sentences and
o Compound Sentences
1.1.1.1
What is Clause?
The clause is where there will be a subject and a predicate as a
group of words, but that will not be considered as a full sentence. The clause
can be of two types. Those are –
1.1.2
1. Independent Clause:
A Clause that –
o contains
both a subject and a predicate.
o can
stand alone as a sentence or
o can be
a part of a multi-clause sentence.
o uses
conjunctions such as – or, for, nor, so, yet, and, but.
Example: We visited Agra, but
we did not go to Taj Mahal.
1.1.3
2. Dependent Clause:
A Clause that is –
o that
have a subject and a predicate
o cannot
stand alone as a sentence
o always
be a part of a sentence, on which it depends for meaning.
A dependent clause is of
three types – Adjective Clause, Adverb Clause, and Noun Clause.
1.1.4
1. Adjective Clause or Relative
Clause:
An adjective clause or
relative clause is like an adjective which comes before to change or modify
the noun or pronoun by – who, which,
that, where, when, whose, whom, whoever, etc.
Example:
o This
is a resort that we saw on the TV.
o The
Lady who was our tour guide is a American.
1.1.5
Adverb Clause or Adverbial
Clause:
An adverbial clause or subordinate clause is a type of
dependent clause which starts with subordinating conjunctions like – because,
although, when, if, until, as if etc.
Example:
o The
homeless guy spent the night on the road.
o We
wanted to go to the Bashundhara Cineplex.
1.1.6
Noun
Clause:
In a sentence when a clause
functions as the complement, subject or object is called noun clause. It starts with the same
words that begin adjective clauses, e.g., that, who, when, which, where,
whether, why, how.
Example:
o What
we saw at the Thor movie was amazing.
To understand the types of transformation of sentences we need
to know the definition of the Simple Sentences, Complex Sentences, and Compound
Sentences.
1.1.6.1
Simple Sentence:
When in a sentence that has
one independent clause it is called simple sentence.
Example: He confessed his
illegal act.
1.1.6.2
Complex Sentence:
When in a sentence that has
one clause and one or more subordinate clauses it is called
a complex
sentence.
Example: He confessed that he
was guilty of his illegal act.
1.1.6.3
Compound Sentence:
When in a sentence that has
more than one main clause it is called the compound sentence.
Example: I went to watch a
movie named Justice League, but the movie was already houseful.
1.1.6.4
Transforming Simple Sentences into Complex
Sentences:
Converting Simple Sentences
into Complex Sentences can be done easily. And this can be done by simply
expanding a word or a phrase into a clause.
Moreover, we can do the same thing when we want to change the Complex Sentences
into Simple Sentences. And this can be done by eliminating a clause into a word
or a phrase.
Few examples are given below to understand the concept and
conventional rules of transforming between Simple Sentence and Complex
Sentences:-
1.1.6.5
Rule: 1:
“Present participle” in a simple sentence,
to convert into complex sentences by adding “since/as/when” at the first half of
the sentence.
o Simple Sentence: Closing
the door, I went back to school.
o Complex Sentence: When
I closed the door, I went back to school.
1.1.6.6
Rule: 2
“Being/ Verb+ing” in a simple sentence,
to convert into a complex sentence by adding “as/when/since” at the first half of
the sentence.
o Simple Sentence: After
winning a beauty contest she cried.
o Complex Sentence: As
she won the beauty contest, she cried.
1.1.6.7
Rule: 3
“Too…to” in a simple sentence,
to convert into a complex sentence by adding “so…that (negative)”.
o Simple Sentence: He
is too weak to carry the box.
o Complex Sentence: He
is so weak that he cannot carry the box.
1.1.6.8
Rule: 4
“To” in the simple sentence, to
convert into a complex sentence by adding “so that” in the sentence.
o Simple sentence: We
eat to live.
o Complex Sentence: We
eat so that we can live.
1.1.6.9
Rule: 5
In the simple
sentence “in spite of/ despite”, to convert into the complex sentence by
adding “though/ although” in the sentence.
o Simple Sentence: In
spite of being rich, she is hard working.
o Complex Sentence: Though
she is rich, she is hard working.
1.1.6.10
Rule: 6
“Because of” in the simple
sentence, to convert it to the complex sentence by adding “since” at the beginning of
the sentence.
o Simple Sentence: Because
of his illness, he could not join the meeting.
o Complex Sentence: Since
he was ill, he could not join the meeting.
1.1.6.11
Rule: 7
“Subject + verb + object +
present participle” type of simple sentence, to convert it to the complex
sentence by “subject + verb + object + relative pronoun of the object + be
verb according to relative pronoun and tense + rest of the sentence”.
o Simple Sentence: I
saw a bird flying.
o Complex Sentence: I
saw a bird which was flying.
1.1.6.12
Rule: 8
In the simple sentence starts
with “without”, by adding “if/ in case” is converted into the
complex sentence.
o Simple Sentence: Without
adding the sugar the dish will taste bad.
o Complex Sentence: If
you do not add sugar the dish will taste bad.
1.1.6.13
Rule: 9
In the simple
sentence “at the time” will be converted into “when” in the complex
sentence.
o Simple Sentence: She
woke up at the time of load shedding.
o Complex Sentence: She
woke up when it was load shedding.
1.1.6.14
Rule: 10:
In the simple
sentence, “adjective” will be converted into “that/which” in the complex
sentence.
o Simple Sentence: It
was a blue shirt.
o Complex Sentence: It
was a shirt which was blue